The Brazilian railway sector, historically challenged by inadequate infrastructure, bureaucratic hurdles, and an overreliance on road freight transport, has long needed a regulatory framework to unlock its true potential. Statute #14,273 of December 23, 2021, governing rail transport, represents a watershed moment. Known as the “New Railway Statute,” it emerged from extensive debate in the National Congress with a promise to modernize the sector's legal foundations, attract substantial private investment, and spur the development and expansion of the national rail network.

The protection of personal data has become a central issue in the global legal and technological landscape. With the increasing digitalization of the economy and the cross-border flow of data, harmonizing legislation and recognizing equivalent levels of data protection between countries are fundamental steps to ensure legal certainty and the smooth operation of international commerce. The European Union's recent decision to recognize Brazil as a country with a level of personal data protection “essentially equivalent” to its own represents a significant milestone in this regard.

Artificial intelligence (AI) represents one of the most profound technological revolutions in recent history, with the potential to redefine society, the economy, and human interactions. Its ability to process large volumes of data, identify complex patterns, and perform tasks once exclusive to the human mind has generated transformative impacts across multiple sectors. From medicine, with more accurate diagnoses, to industry, with process optimization, AI is reshaping the way we live and work. At the epicenter of this transformation, the legal sector stands out as a particularly fertile ground for AI applications and, consequently, for AI regulation.

Last Friday, October 24, The Guardian published an article alleging that Meta Platforms Inc. had violated European Union (EU) law. The story was significant not only because it involved one of the world's largest companies, which controls giants like Facebook, Instagram, and WhatsApp, but also because it reignited the debate over social networks' responsibility to control illegal content on their platforms.

Regulations on Artificial Intelligence (AI) are developing rapidly around the world, reflecting growing concerns about the technology's ethical, social, economic, and security impacts. Different regions have adopted distinct approaches, influenced by their cultural, political, and economic priorities, in an effort to balance innovation with public protection.

The Brazilian Anti-Corruption Act (Law #12,846/2013) represents a fundamental milestone in Brazil's fight against corruption by establishing, among other provisions, the objective liability of legal entities for acts harmful to the public administration.

As reported by Veja magazine, the Uruguayan House of Representatives approved the Dignified Death Act on August 13, 2025, by a vote of 64 to 29, paving the way to legalize euthanasia in the country. The bill will now proceed to a vote in the Senate before it can take legal effect.

The global technological and geopolitical landscape has been rapidly evolving, highlighting a growing concern among nation states about protecting their strategic interests and economic sovereignty. Given this accelerating technological advancement and the critical importance of certain sectors to countries’ sustained growth, the United Kingdom – an open economy reliant on foreign investment – is no exception.

The US Securities & Exchange Commission (SEC) announced in early December, according to The Wall Street Journal, record-breaking year for financial penalty collections in 2024.

One of the biggest concerns for parents in the modern world is their children's use of social media. Depending on how they are used, social media can become a huge headache for parents and their children tend to be the most vulnerable part in this unfiltered environment, where a world of discoveries is just a click away.

The No Surprises Act is a prime example of legislation in a country where the legal system is based more on case law than statutes. While Brazil’s legal system originates from Civil Law, the United States follows Common Law. However, U.S. laws are often very well-drafted, especially in terms of their applicability. In this context, it is important to consider the role of the judiciary, which operates under the punitive principle, unlike Brazil's compensatory system, which is less effective.

Since the Dodd-Frank Act was enacted in the United States in 2010, the role of whistleblowers has proven crucial in helping authorities prevent fraud, bribery, and other legal violations. This is because the government lacks the personnel and resources to efficiently monitor the market on its own.

A significant concern in the healthcare sector is the potential conflict of interest between the pharmaceutical and medical products industry and healthcare professionals, particularly physicians. This potential conflict arises from the unique nature of the relationship: while the industry’s end customer is the patient, it is the physician who decides which product the patient will use. At the same time, patients pay physicians to prescribe the best treatment for their well-being.

The First Panel of the Brazilian Superior Court of Justice unanimously decided, under the report of Justice Regina Helena Costa, in the appellate decision on Special Appeal #2035645/DF, that Anvisa (the Brazilian FDA) does not have the regulatory authority to restrict the commercial advertising of pharmaceuticals by companies. This applies especially when its regulatory actions contradict the provisions established in Law #9,294/1996 and other legislative acts.

It is well-known that certain market sectors impose additional barriers when hiring women. This is often due to concerns that, during pregnancy, employees may need to take time off for childbirth, utilizing maternity leave. Complications during pregnancy can also arise, potentially weakening the workforce and prompting companies to hire temporary workers to cover the absence.