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“AI and chatbots are a revolution in software and quantum computers are a revolution in hardware”^[1]. This statement come with a warning “when they get together, it could be terrifying for humanity”^[2]. Artificial intelligence is receiving attention from all over the place. Regulators are starting to develop frameworks to protect the people from AI. Europe just issued an interesting initiative^[3], but what is at stake here? Quantum computers are going to revolutionize AI and lawmakers need to get ready for that.

Quantum computers operate based on the principles of quantum mechanics. Unlike classical computers that use bits to store and process information, bits those which can be only in two states – zero or one, quantum computers utilize quantum bits, or qubits, which possess the incredible ability of superposition. This means that a qubit can exist in multiple states simultaneously representing both zero and one at the same time. This is not just a small advancement in the basis of computation, it’s an incredibly large leap that provides possibilities for solving highly complex problems that modern computers are limited to. Thus, the power of quantum computers lies in their capacity for parallel computation, exploring multiple different states and possibilities simultaneously, which result in solving complex problems much faster than classical computers^[4].

It has a history dating back to the early 1980s when physicists Richard Feynman and Yuri Manin introduced the revolutionary concept of quantum computation and envisioned a new kind of computer that could leverage the principles of quantum mechanics to tackle complex problems beyond the capabilities of classical machines. However, it wasn’t until the 1990s that significant breakthroughs in this field began to emerge when a mathematician named Peter Shor unveiled an algorithm that that could efficiently factor large numbers. Such fact is critical because factoring numbers plays a crucial role in many encryption methods used to protect sensitive information in our digital world today^[5]. Shor’s algorithm opened up a whole new realm of possibilities and instigated both excitement and concerns among scientists as it showed how powerful quantum computers could be in breaking the encryption systems we currently rely on. So, throughout the last couple of decades, researchers from different leading technology companies started exploring different ways to build practical quantum computers".^[6]

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